Ammonium Chloride
Ammonium Chloride
Inorganic Chemical Compound
Ammonium chloride is an inorganic chemical compound with the formula NH₄Cl. It appears as a white or colourless crystalline solid with a sharp, salty taste. The compound is highly soluble in water and forms mildly acidic solutions.
It is commercially manufactured by the reaction of ammonia (NH₃) with hydrogen chloride (HCl). Ammonium chloride is widely used in pharmaceuticals, fertilizers, food processing, metalwork, and chemical industries.
Physical & Chemical Properties
NH₄Cl
White crystalline powder
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Ammonium Chloride
Product Specifications| Specifications | Range |
|---|---|
| Dry Basis Assay (NH₄Cl) | 98.50% min. |
| Moisture | 5% max. |
| Iron | 200 ppm max. |
| Sulphated Ash | 0.3% max. |
| Residue on Ignition | 0.3% max. |
| pH of 5% Solution | 4.5 – 5.5 |
| Matter Insoluble in Water | 0.3% max. |
| Heavy Metals (as Pb) | 5 ppm max. |
| Arsenic | 5 ppm max. |
Ammonium Chloride
Ammonium Chloride Applications
Ammonium chloride is widely used as a catalyst and processing aid in chemical manufacturing. It is involved in the production of pharmaceutical intermediates, dyes, pigments, fluxes, and various organic and inorganic chemical compounds.
In the pharmaceutical sector, ammonium chloride is used as an expectorant in cough and cold formulations. It is also applied as a systemic acidifying agent for treating metabolic alkalosis and certain urinary tract conditions.
Ammonium chloride is commonly used in laboratory applications, including buffer solutions, analytical reagents, and biochemical research. It is a key component in ammonium chloride–based lysis and buffer systems.
In dry cell batteries, ammonium chloride acts as an electrolyte, facilitating ion movement between the zinc anode and carbon cathode, ensuring stable and efficient electrical performance.
Ammonium chloride is used as a flux in metal processing and galvanizing operations. It helps remove oxide layers from metal surfaces, improving coating adhesion and overall finish quality.
Known as sal ammoniac or salmiak, ammonium chloride is used as a food additive and yeast nutrient. It is applied in baking, confectionery, snacks, and traditional food products in various regions.
In oil and gas operations, ammonium chloride solutions are used to prevent clay swelling and stabilize formations during drilling, acidizing, and well treatment processes.
In cosmetics and personal care products, ammonium chloride is used as a viscosity-controlling agent. It improves the texture and stability of formulations such as shampoos, conditioners, soaps, and detergents.